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Archaeology of Qatar as a field study began in 1956. Three major expeditions were carried out in Qatar throughout the mid-20th century, with the first being launched by a Danish team who began work in the 1950s. This was proceeded by British and French expeditions in 1970s and 1980s, respectively.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Archaeology In Qatar )〕 Approximately 200 archaeological sites were discovered during these expeditions, with the most extensive being the coastal areas of Al Da'asa, Ras Abrouq and Al Khor Island. Artifacts such as flint tools, Ubaid and Barbar pottery and encampments were found in situ. Apart from the discovery of ancient artifacts, many prehistoric rock art sites containing over 900 varieties of petroglyphs were uncovered during the 1950s and 1960s.〔 Most carvings are cup and ring marks. These are accompanied by less numerous depictions of animals, boats and symbols.〔 The Qatar National Museum was established in Doha in 1975. Qatar passed an antiquities law in 1980 to protect archaeological sites. In the late 2000s, the Qatar Museums Authority began organizing joint archaeological projects with numerous European universities and institutions.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Cooperative projects )〕 ==Expeditions== Starting in 1956, large-scale archaeological excavation programs were launched by the government in various parts of the country.〔 That year, Geoffrey Bibby and Peter Glob embarked on an expedition in Qatar where they discovered two Old Stone Age sites in Ras Uwainat Ali (about 10 km north of Dukhan).〔Abdul Nayeem (1998), p. 33.〕 In 1957, a Danish team organized a comprehensive survey on the peninsula which uncovered 11 sites, most of which were situated along the coast. They recovered flint from the newly discovered sites, in addition to collecting artifacts from the sites discovered a year prior by Bibby and Glob.〔 The excavations continued in the proceeding years, resulting in the unearthing of additional Paleolithic sites and Neolithic occupational sites. In 1960, under the supervision of Holger Kapel and Hans Jørgen Madsen, the Danes excavated the most significant yet-discovered archaeological site in the peninsula, located approximately 5 km south of Dukhan. The site contained a large concentration of flint tools, which included arrowheads, knives and scrapers.〔Abdul Nayeem (1998), p. 34.〕 A British team led by Beatrice De Cardi undertook expeditions from November 1973 to January 1974 to collect artifacts for the establishment of a national museum. Their most significant find was the site of Al Da'asa, which contained numerous Ubaid potsherds.〔Abdul Nayeem (1998), p. 36.〕 The Mission Archéologique Français à Qatar, a French team led by Jacques Tixier, surveyed and excavated several sites in Qatar beginning in 1976.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Prospections et fouilles au Qatar )〕 The French excavations ended by 1982. They published their findings in two volumes. The first volume was written by Jacques Tixier in 1980, with the other being published by Marie‐Louise Inizan in 1988.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Archaeology of Qatar」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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